Organizational Levels

1) Using the above scenario, consider Organizational Level 1: Key Players (Stakeholders) and Business Ideas (Purpose). Which Leadership Challenge response is most appropriate: Establishing, Refining, or Monitoring? Using the theories discussed in Chapters 1-4, explain why you chose that response. In my opinion refining is the most appropriate leadership challenge for the above scenario. Developing superior graphic design products and services through Innovation, teamwork and leadership is Listo’s mission. Due to the expansion of the company teamwork and leadership have been affected most. New employees are less trained thus, they lack proper leadership quality. People in habit of working for a small company where they knew each and everyone suddenly had to work for a large company where their opinions and values were not concerned. Thus keeping in mind of these situations refining in management is required in Listo to achieve its mission. 2 )Using the above scenario, consider Organizational Level 2: Entity (Culture) and Strategy (Mission). Which Leadership Challenge response is most appropriate: Defining, Shaping, or Publicizing? Using the theories discussed in Chapters 1-4, explain why you chose that response Listo’s mission is to develop superior graphic design product through innovation, teamwork and leadership. Due to sudden change in the management, employees’ adaptation in the new environment has been difficult. So shaping the management as per the company’s mission is the appropriate leadership challenge response 3) Using the above scenario, consider Organizational Level 3: Departments (Units) and Key Results (Success Factors). Which Leadership Challenge response is most appropriate: Involving, Facilitating, or Communicating? Using the theories discussed in Chapters 1-4, explain why you chose that response. Communicating is the appropriate leadership challenge response for the above scenario. Addition of new layers to the hierarchy creates new chain of commands which results confusion. So proper communication channels should be established regarding the new management system. 4) Using the above scenario, consider Organizational Level 4: Teams (Groups) and Goals (Objectives). Which Leadership Challenge response is most appropriate: Focusing, Unifying, or Connecting? Using the theories discussed in Chapters 1-4, explain why you chose that response. Connection of new hires with the previous employees is required for the team to direct towards achieving goals. If the employees are connected with each other than by implementing motivation theories they can be made unified and focused so priority should be given in connecting people. 5) Using the above scenario, consider Organizational Level 5: Individuals (People) and Tasks (Jobs). Which Leadership Challenge response is most appropriate: Enabling, Engaging, or Empowering? Using the theories discussed in Chapters 1-4, explain why you chose that response. Empowering the employees is the best option for the above case scenario. Increase in the turnover rates and absent leaves suggests that employees have lost their energy and passion working for the company. One of the main reasons for this situation is the lack of concern management has shown towards the employees. Empowering employees makes them feel of importance and the fact company giving them an important responsibility generates a desire and passion to fulfill the task effectively.

Taxation Assignment

Question 1: a>Tax treatment to an individual if his employer was to provide the following benefits in package 1: Rental of apartment $ Salary Airfare for home leave (1trip) (20% x 5000) 1,000 220,000 Employee’s remuneration 221,000 Rental of apartment (housing accommodation benefit) for a non- director will be assessed based on the lower of: the annual value of the accommodation provided or 10% of the employee’s remuneration inclusive of all other benefits except hotel accommodation.Therefore, housing benefit will be assessed at $22,100 because it is assessed based on the lower of (10% x 221,000= $22,100) or annual value of rental apartment of $60,000. Home leave passage According to Singapore tax law, home leave passage is provided by the employer to nonSingaporeans and non-permanent residents, the benefit is assessable to tax based on 20% of the cost to the employer.This concessionary treatment only can apply to ONE return leave passage per annum each for the employee and spouse, and TWO return passage for each child of employee per annum if child should be unmarried, under 16 years old or otherwise receiving full-time education or incapacitated. Therefore, in this package 1, Mr Rouse will be assessed for home leave passage at: 20% x 5,000= $1,000 Relocation passageAccording to Singapore tax law, relocation passages are by concession not a taxable benefit on the employee so that all the relocation expenses is not taxable benefit for Mr Rouse. b> Package 1: $ Salary Annual rental of apartment Home leave passage (20% x 5000) Statutory income Less: donation Assessable income Less : Relief Chargeable income Tax on 1st $160,000 Balance @ 17% (238,100 – 160,000) x 17% 220,000 22,100 1,000 243,100 NIL 243,100 (5,000) 238,100 15,500 13,277 28,777 Less : 20% tax rebate (capped at $2000) Net tax payable (2,000) 6,777 Package 2: $ Salary Statutory Income Less: donation Assessable income Less: Relief Chargeable income Tax in 1st $160,000 Balance @ 17 % 17% x (295,000-160,000) 300,000 300,000 NIL 300,000 (5,000) 295,000 15,500 22,950 38,450 Less : 20% tax rebate (capped at $2,000) Net tax payable (2,000) 36,450 c> Mr Rouse should choose package 1 because in this package, he can receive many benefits as well as many concessionary treatments that can reduce the net tax payable, in order to get higher return than in package 2. > Singapore is a country where the government uses many policies that include many benefits, treat with consideration to attract talents from many the other countries and tax law is not the exception. Therefore, Mr Rouse should choose or ask more benefits instead of only high salary such as house accommodation benefit, home leave passage, relocation passage, transportation benefit, etc†¦. to earn many concessionaries to minimize his statutory income as well as to reduce tax payable. Question 2: a>The relevant dates in shareholder’s continuity test are different for unabsorbed capital allowances and trade losses and donation.Unabsorbed capital allowances can be carried against future profits provided the shareholdings are substantially the same (50% or more) in the 2 relevant dates: The last day of the YA (31 Dec) it arose And The first day of the YA (1 Jan) it is utilized Trade losses and donations can be carried against future profits provided the shareholdings are substantially the same (50% or more) in the 2 relevant dates: The last day of the year it arose (31 Dec of the calendar year) And The first day of the YA it is utilized (1 Jan of YA) b> YA 2008: – Adjusted tax loss (trade loss) YA 2009: – Adjusted profit $40,000 $422,000The shareholders of Feathers Pte Ltd based on % are as follows: 31/12/2007 Ee Mei Sarah 60% 40% 30/9/2008 40% 60% 31/12/2008 40% 60% 1/1/2009 10% 90% Assumption: on 1 Jan 2009, Donald still holds 5000 shares (total shares are 50,000 shares) Therefore, Queens’s shareholders and their shareholdings are as follows: Number of share 31/12/2007 Donald Ee Mei Ee Mei 25,000 20,000 60% x 5,000 = 3000 Sarah 40% x 5,000 = 2000 Total number of 50,000 shares 30/9/2008 5,000 10,000 40% x 35,000 = 14,000 60% x 35,000 = 21,000 50,000 s at 31/12/2008 5,000 10,000 40% x 35,000 = 14,000 60% x 35,000 = 21,000 50,000 1/1/2009 5,000 40,000 10% x 5,000 = 500 90% x 5,000 = 4,500 50,000 Two relevant dates in shareholder’s continuity test for trade loss are 31 Dec 2007 and 1 Jan 2009. Queens’s shareholders and their shareholdings in % as follows: 31/12/2007 Donald Ee Mei 50% {(20,000 + 3,000)/ 50,000} x 100% = 46% Sarah (2000/ 50,000) x 100% = 4% 100% 1/1/2009 10% {(40,000 + 500)/ 50,000} x 100% = 81% (4,500/ 50,000) x 100% = 9% 100%Previous year’s trade loss (adjusted tax loss) in YA 2008 can be carried against YA 2009 current year’s profit because the shareholdings are substantially the same (50% or more) in the two relevant dates of 31/12/2007 and 1/1/2009. YA 2009: $ Adjusted profit Less: trade loss brought forward 422,000 (40,000) Assessable income/ chargeable income 382,000 > Conditions to qualify for the tax exemption for new start-up company: A â€Å"qualifying company† means a company incorporated in Singapore which for each of the first three years of assessment is resident in Singapore for that YA, and has its total share capital beneficially held directly by no more than 20 shareholders: ? ? All of whom are individuals throughout the basis period for that YA or At least one of whom is an individual shareholder holding at least 10% of the total number of issued ordinary shares of the company throughout the basis period for that YA.In the case of a company limited by guarantee: ? ? all of its members must be individuals throughout the basis period for that YA or at least one of its member is an individual throughout the basis period for that YA, and the contribution of that individual under the Memorandum of Association of the company to the assets of the company in the event of its being wound up, amounts to at least 10% of total contributions of the members of the company throughout the basis period for that YA.Question 3: a>The Singapore tax system is considered as a territorial system because income accruing in or derived from Singapore (Singapore sourced) or overseas income received or deemed received in Singapore is assessable to tax. In other words, income that is sourced outside Singapore is not chargeable to Singapore income tax if this overseas income is not received or deemed received in Singapore.One exception to this rule is dividend gain in Singapore. Under the new one-tier corporate tax system since 1 January 2003, tax will only be imposed at the corporate level and all dividends distributed by a Singapore tax resident company will be tax exempt for its shareholders. b> Assumption: basic period is 1/1/200x to 31/12/200x Ms Dinh Tam’s 2-year contract will be from 1/4/2006 to 31/3/2008.Year assessment of Physical presence in Residence Singapore/ period of employment YA 2007 1/4/2006- 31/12/2006 Resident Exercise of employment in Singapore is more than 183 days in the basic period YA 2008 1/1/2007- 31/12/2007 Resident Exercise of employment in Singapore is more than 183 days in the basic period YA 2009 1/1/2008- 31/3/2008 Non-resident Both periods of employment and physical presence are less than 183 days. Remarks c> Mr Tan KL, a Singapore resident, purchased a house in China. He rents it out and the rent is credited into his bank account in Hong Kong by the property agent.It means he receives a rental income in China and this income may be subject to tax in China remitted to Singapore is exempt from Singapore tax. In addition, according to Singapore tax law, all foreign sourced income remitted by INDIVIDUAL RESIDENT in Singapore on or after 1 January 2004 will be exempt from tax. d> Determine whether the following receipts would be considered as income for tax purposes: i>This income will be exempt from tax if Ah Kow is Singapore resident because this income may be taxed in Macau remitted to Singapore is exempt from Singapore tax.In addition, according to Singapore tax law, all foreign sourced income remitted by INDIVIDUAL RESIDENT in Singapore on or after 1 January 2004 will be exempt from tax. ii>   Profits made by a share broker from sale of shares is taxable income because shares are considered as his inventory to make profit therefore it is called revenue receipt for this share broker and that is subject to Singapore tax. iii> Samantha Lee, a teacher made a profit from the sale of her piano is exempt from tax if this piano is her fixed asset and Samantha Lee doesn’t repeat piano buy and sale transaction many times.It means this profit is capital receipt, not revenue receipt and so that it is not taxable. iv> Money received from an unlawful business in Singapore is taxable income because it is revenue receipt and income derived in Singapore so that it is subject t o tax in Singapore. v> Money received from sale of computer by a private school is exempt from tax because computer is considered as fixed asset of this private school. It means this income is capital receipt that is not taxable income.

Answer question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Answer question - Essay Example This they all agreed to report to young Hamlet, whose uncle is now ruling Denmark. The rallying army of Norway that would like to regain access to their lands and would probably set to conquering Denmark to account for their King’s demise, has led to intricate preparations in Denmark. I find it somehow offensive that I am not taken up for my word; that I am seen as weak and frail by my brother and a liar by my father. And all this is because I am in close favors with Hamlet, our prince. I find it insulting that people judge by the things they heard, no matter where it came from. Gossip is such a pastime in this country that even the Prince and the King are subjected to them. My bother has made certain that I shall not give up love nor honor for the Prince. I believe he have heard of such things from our sentinel, who claims to know everything. I am lucky to have escaped his advices due to his departure, which I hope will keep him for long. It is better that he leaves, although father suspects of undutiful motives to his departure. Even my father gets input from gossipers. My father is worse still. He made me promise not to see Hamlet again and have concluded that I had been lying to him about being chaste and non-tempted. Hamlet is accused of being wayward and unwarranted for. True, he is Prince. This appears to be the reason for their dislike, as all his actions must be consulted to the King; hence there is no chance of us getting married seeing that the King and him are always fighting. Yet they do not know Hamlet and still they judge him. I do not agree that he wants me not to see Hamlet again, for I know in my heart that I am not lying. I know of Hamlet’s love and I would like to believe it to be everlasting. And all that I will not discover if this relationship was to end so soon before it even begins. I have never seen Hamlet act stranger than this day. Apparently he is being disturbed by the

Operational Management Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Operational Management Principles - Essay Example Expansion of the plant would be an ideal solution which will solve all the issues related movement of the equipment, tracks, men and if any repairing to be carried out. The establishment itself should be planned in a manner that if in future when it is required to expand the plant then the existing plant layout should be valuable for a change. The primary concern is for the movement of carriers and tracks. If we come out with a solution such as, issuing tokens to trucks at the gate, which will be, have information like what type of load would be placed and quantity of load specified to transit through the plant. And to which point the trucks should report for loading or collecting the compliments only those trucks should be allowed at the particular points with tokens. This procedure will rule out the fault that the drivers getting impatient wasting at the point and baking. One more solution is to increase the number of points for the product pickups. This procedure will if implemented then drivers need not have to wait for long hours. If we employ a few supervisors at the transport which will help the customer contracted trucks to pass immediately from gate to gate which may take less than two hours from gate to gate and will also help in earning the goodwill for the company. With these kinds of changes, you can schedule the trucks for the product pickup within 4 hours notice. Even 2 hours notice before the purchase can also be served with ease. The customer contracted trucks appearing at the gate with an unanticipated purchase order can also be entertained and can be regulated to the respective pickup points thereby pleasing the customers with high-end professional service.

Homework 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Homework 4 - Essay Example was not liable under product liability law for the injury to Clark. There were several key factors in this case including: (1) the individual who shot the paintball gun (Rico) testified that the product did not malfunction when he fired it. (2) Clark was aware that protective eyewear was available to use, but he decided not to wear any; (3) Clark knew beforehand that there was danger involved in what he was doing since he said it was â€Å"common sense† for people not to shoot anyone in the face with a paintball gun and; (4) the product did what is was expected to do under the circumstances. Product liability can be based on the theories of negligence, misrepresentation, and strict liability. In regards negligence, the manufacturer would have to fail to exercise ‘due care’ to ensure the product is safe. This would include the design, manufacturing, and inspection. This did not happen or could be proved as shown primarily by Rico’s testimony that the gun did not malfunction. Misrepresentation can happen if intentional mislabeling of packages happens or if product defects are concealed. Neither of these things happened with Brass Eagle and the Supreme Court case details mentioned how a warning label showing the dangers was in the package itself. The requirements for Strict product liability under Section 402A of the Restatement (Second) of Torts is federal law that can be summarized as: (1) the product must have been in defective condition when sold; (2) the defendant must have been in the business of selling the product; (3) the product must be unreasonably dangerous to the user or consumer because of it’s defective condition; (4) the plaintiff must incur physical harm; (5) the defective condition must by the proximate cause of the injury; and (6) the goods must not have been substantially changed from the time the product was sold to when the damage occurred. Clark could not prove that the product itself was

Brands Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Brands - Assignment Example However, the products manufactured by the company are extremely costly. In most developed countries, the unique nature of the Apple products is highly appreciated. Therefore, as a purchasing officer for a business, I would buy Apple computers for the company. I would also pay the same price for their products due to various reasons. For instance, Apple products are ultimately unique (Lashinsky, 2012). The company is also considered quite successful by most individuals. Research also asserts that, Apple has taken part in most environmental issues that are affecting the world. This is a clear portrayal that the products produced by Apple are environmentally-friendly. The company has also worked with several manufacturers in order to comprise the splendid working conditions. This affirms that the employees at the Apple industry are highly recognized. In conclusion, various sources conclude that the ceremonies usually draw a huge multitude of individuals (Lashinsky, 2012). Furthermore, the Apple consumers have been highly recognized as individuals who are better educated and affluent than most of the PC company consumers. Apple also has a wide range of products. Therefore, as a purchasing officer, I would ensure that all employees in the firm are equipped with the latest technology from Apple

Professional Translation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Professional Translation - Essay Example This framed Nida's dynamic equivalence which is understanding not only the meaning of the source text but also the manner in which the intended receptors of a text are likely to understand it in the receptor language (Tianmin). In other words, Nida is more concerned in how the receptors would understand or digest the intended message of the original text. Nida has been into biblical translations. One theory of equivalence is that of Vinay and Darbelnet who view equivalence-oriented translation as a procedure which 'replicates the same situation as in the original, whilst using completely different wording' (Kenny: 342). They regard the method as ideal in dealing with proverbs, idioms, clichs, nominal or adjectival phrases and the onomatopoeia of animal sounds. Another theory of equivalence is that of Jakobson, known as the concept of equivalence in difference. Roman Jakobson's study of equivalence gave new impetus to the theoretical analysis of translation since he introduced the notion of 'equivalence in difference' (Jakobson, 1959:232). ... There is no full equivalence between code units. According to his theory, 'translation involves two equivalent messages in two different codes' (Jakobson, p. 233). From a grammatical point of view, languages may differ from one another to a greater or lesser degree, but this does not mean that a translation cannot be possible, meaning that the translator may face the problem of not finding a translation equivalent. Similarities of Vinay and Darbelnet's theory and Jakobson's theory can be found in the fact that both can rely on other procedures such as loan-translations or neologisms whenever linguistic approach is no longer suitable in the translation process. Nida and Taber's formal correspondence and dynamic equivalence is another theory of equivalence. Formal correspondence 'focuses attention on the message itself, in both form and content' (Nida and Taber, 1982), unlike dynamic equivalence which is based upon 'the principle of equivalent effect' (1964: 159). Formal correspondence consists of correspondence TL item which represents the closest equivalent of a SL word or phrase. There are not always formal equivalents between language pairs. These formal equivalents should be used wherever possible if the translation aims at achieving formal rather than dynamic equivalence. Nida and Taber assert that formal correspondence distorts the grammatical and stylistic patterns of the receptor language, and hence distorts the message, so as to cause the receptor to misunderstand or to labor unduly hard' (1964:201). Dynamic equivalence is defined as a translation principle according to which a translator seeks to translate the meaning of the origi nal in such a way that the TL wording will trigger the same

Hinduism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Hinduism - Essay Example Such is the her greatness that the kings and all other men seek help from her as she is the one praised by all the gods; Goddess Lakshmi holds a dominant position in the hierarchy of Hindu gods. She is called many things such as; the sacred fire, the golden one, the one garlanded in silver and gold, are some of her attributes. Her arrival means good news for the people and her procession brings good luck and happiness for them. When the goddess approaches the poet it brings them comfort. Her sacred fire looks fierce but it glistens like smooth cool water. She herself is very content and also bestows contentment on her people. She is also the protector of people; the poor seek refuge in her presence. Her arrival is glorified in the original Sanskrit poems so much so that it appears that the concept of happiness and comfort is her creation. The poem tells that worldly pleasures like gold, cattle, horses and even loyal friends become the destiny of her followers when she arrives. It is as if when the goddess gives attention to the one invoking her she bestows contentment, love, satisfaction and worldly p leasures onto that person; Be it the common people or the king, everyone bows before the goddess Lakshmi and seeks her help. The poem praises her beauty and calls her the ‘sun brilliant’. The poem says that through her austerity the bilva tree springs up and gives fruits that has the power to dispel Alaksmi (the goddess of misfortune). Later the poem also asks the goddess to bestow fame and give wish fulfilling jewel. The fame and fortune is also in her powers to bestow upon the common people. Goddess Lakshmi does not only provide worldly pleasures and wealth. She also gives the peace of mind, the pleasure and the truthfulness in speech. When goddess Lakshmis daughter, Kardama, dwells in a person it will make Lakshmi dwell in his home. The Lotus garlanded Shri is also her title.

Comparison and Contrast of ANCC and AANP Certification Process and Research Paper

Comparison and Contrast of ANCC and AANP Certification Process and Board Certification Examination - Research Paper Example The present study focuses on a comparison and contrast of these two certification and board examinations. ANCC and AANP: Comparison and Contrast: The nursing practitioners are allowed to take both the examination. However, it is a choice of the candidate to take either one of the exams or both (Difference Between AANP and ANCC, 2012). The ANCC is credentialing body of the American Nurses Association (ANA).The exams for credential presently being offered to nurse practitioners are for the following fields: adult, family, paediatric, gerontology, acute care, adult or family psychiatric and mental health, and advanced diabetes management. The AANP is a branch of learning organization that caters to only nurse practitioners. It is at present contributing in three specialty exams: adult, family, and geriatric nurse practitioner (Leik, 2008, p.1). The American Nurses Credentialing Center is the biggest and most esteemed nurse credentialing organization in the world (ANCC Certification Cent er, 2012). In general, the ANCC revises their examinations for the nurse practitioner in every 2 to 3 years. The questions in the exam are mostly suggested from most important textbooks, national expert panel guidelines, papers, and official governmental reports and statistics. The suggestion sources for AANP exams are not recognized in public. The substance of their examinations is supported on the results of a responsibility description learning that was carried out by both the AANP and the Professional Examination Service. The examinations for both the certifications are now computer based thus being online conducted within a particular time frame. However, the number of questions varies for the two tests. For ANCC examination, the total number of questions is 175, while for AANP, 150 questions are in total for the test. Both the certifications are in the same way acknowledged as national specialty organizations, and credentials granted by them are acceptable to governmental bodi es such as Medicare, local state agencies such as the state boards of nursing (BON), and private corporations (Leik, 2008, pp.2-3). The AANP examinations have been organized and developed by AANP itself and the Professional Examination Service (PES).  On the other hand, it is the ANCC that organizes the ANCC certification examination. The range of programs covered by AANP is lesser in comparison to ANCC. ANCC provides further diverse range of programs including the Acute Care, Adult, Adult Psychiatric & Mental Health, Diabetes Management, Family, Family Psych & Mental Health, Gerontological, Paediatric, School, Ambulatory Care, Cardiac Rehabilitation, Cardiac Vascular, College Health, Community Health, High-Risk Prenatal, Informatics, Maternal-Child, and Medical-Surgical Nursing among others (Difference Between AANP and ANCC, 2012). To study and analyse accurately, there are not many differences in the two examinations except the wide range of subjects covered under the ANCC certi fication. As far as the examinations are concerned, taking any one of the examinations would provide the nursing practitioner with the opportunity to serve in their choice of fields in nursing. However, in order to qualify for the certification examination both the tests require that the nursing candidates hold an active current licence of Registered Nurses (RN) within a state or territory of

Conformity Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Conformity - Term Paper Example As said above, there are several factors that determine the impact of this process. A brief explanation of how some of these factors affect the psychology of a person is provided with apt examples. Conformity is an interesting topic to be discussed in the field of social psychology because the degree to which it affects each person is completely dependent on the external factors. There is also another dimension to it wherein the individual conformity comes into picture. Here, the individual by themselves accept the norms of the group they belong to and follow them. As an individual belonging to any particular group, there are always some norms and cultural rules that need to be followed in order to be in social coherence with the group. The individuals are under immense pressure to follow them so as to be considered a part of that group. In the current world, the generation of youth and peer pressure is forcing more of individuals to succumb to the thoughts of superior groups within their community. They just have to do it to survive that atmosphere. Conformity is more of a group culture inference. Hence the size of the group, their cohesion and the status of each individual in the group play a major part. There are also pundits who believe that conformity is more of a culture oriented subject. They believe that it varies based on different cultures. Asch (1956) has demonstrated an example to prove that conformity is related with culture. He showed that an individual's judgment about a generic issue will be influenced by the norms of the group he belongs to, even though his individual assessment of the same contradicts. All the experiments done by these people have shown that the socio-cultural norms have an impounding effect on the individual conformity exercised. (Asch 1956) Variances of Conformity With the generic meaning of conformity being discussed, the three variances of conformity need to be mentioned. Herber Kelman, famous professor of social ethics had defined three variations of conformity. They are discussed below. Compliance Compliance is a form of conformity where a person, although disagrees about a certain topic within himself, acts to comply with the others in order to please them or to make them feel comfortable. This kind of act can either have a positive effect or a negative on the individual. Basically, a certain line of reference needs to be drawn such that the person can comply with others in order to please them but have to make sure he or she doesn't lose their self esteem in doing so. An example of such activity would be in a professional environment where a worker has to comply with their boss over any kind of issue in order to satisfy them.( Dittes et al 1956) Identification Identification is rather an alternate way of looking at compliance wherein the individual admittedly follows the values and norms of other persons they like. They willingly want to follow them, their roles and be like them. In some cases, it is how they would have been brought up. An example of such a scenario is where an individual follows the footsteps of his/her father and follows his ideals and values. It is because either he/she liked it or it is the way they are brought up. ( Dittes et al 1956) Internalization Internalization is one form which in most cases has the highest probability of causing negative vibes within a person. It is where a

Cosi Essay Example for Free

Cosi Essay Moreover, Nowra displays black comedy through the character’s uncouth and crude dialogue. The approach of a play within a play is used to mirror the life of Lewis within the play itself. It is only through the use of these structural techniques. It is only through the utilisation of such structural techniques that Nowra is able to accentuate the intensity and dramatic impact of Cosi The initial and most dominant structural technique used by Nowra to vividly and visually depict to the audience love and our compassion for ‘others’ in our society, is his use of structure in the text. Act one begins with the play opening in an old and burnt out theatre; theatre; this symbolises the presence of confusion and uncertainty in the atmosphere. However, the theatre undergoes a slow transformation for the characters as the rehearsals gradually progresses. The first act of the play is used to depict the relationship of the characters and their perception of the outside world, â€Å"Will outsiders see the show? † by asking this, Cherry acknowledges the difference between the world she exists in and the rest of society, distancing herself from the outside world and the people in it. Act one show the internal relationships of the characters, which eventually applies the dramatic impact. Moreover, the second act of the play is designed to portray the inner workings of the character’s minds. Nowra uses employs the technique of contrasting the two acts in order to not only show the transformation experiences by the characters, but to also show the two different perspectives of mental health in the 1970s. Thus, Nowra asserts through this technique that there are in fact two competing perspectives of mental health, one within the institution and also an outside perception, hence challenging the characters own values and beliefs. *** It can be understood that Nowra uses the structural techniques of contrasting two acts, in order to show a transformation undergone by the characters and to show the inner working verses the outside perspective of mental health in the 1970s. They face their own challenges and values as they learn more about their own abilities. Nowra also demonstrates to the audience that these are ‘extraordinary people’ not judgmentally insane, â€Å"Cosi gave me something to think about, something to do, see I’m happy coming to this burnt out theatre†. Through the use of the two contrasting acts, the audience is Shown the characters extraordinary change which is accentuated by the use of structural techniques such as the juxtaposition of the two acts, Which allows the characters to transform and finally â€Å"come out of their shells†. Nowra also uses dialogue to contrast characters and highlight to the audience that they are people worthy of viewing in a play. Nowra challenges the audiences perception of mental health in the twentieth century when he introduces the character Doug, who is a ___(frail and broken young man who perceives life as nothing more than a pile of crap). Doug’s dialogue is direct and blunt but also intelligent and socially correct when he says _________________________________________________________ the way ‘outsiders’ deal with mental illness in the institution. His use of uninhibited directness highlights that the patients are not afraid to say what they are thinking and that what they are thinking is the same as a person in a broader society. â€Å"You’re not deaf are you? † this type of dialogue indicates that he knows how to behave socially, as he asks the right questions, in fact Lewis seems as if he is mental, hence why Doug asks if he is deaf. In the conversation with Doug and Lewis we see Doug asking questions, which seem to be inappropriate, Lewis ________________quote for when he uses synonyms_______hesitantly replies. Do you love her? , does she sleep around†¦. † From this we see that Doug has good mental agility, as his sequence of Questions are in fact, socially correct.. Moreover, Dough is portrayed as intelligent which is highlighted when he articulates synonyms for location and dwelling. The directness comes at his question, â€Å"are you a poofta? † which ultimately gets the laugh from the aud ience; It is these uncensored, blunt and awkward lines that create the desired shocked but amused response from the audience. The Play within a play is a technique employed to mirror Lewis’ life with the words of an opera and escalate the desired dramatic response by Nowra. When mirroring Lewis’ life, Nowra touches on the theme of love and compels the audience to assess their own attitudes to love at the conclusion of the play. We are encouraged to empathise with the characters as they discover the value of love and loyalty. (Find a quote research play within a play. ) â€Å"What is going to happen to the couples in the future: a life of torment and adultery†. Nowra purposely draws on the consequences of immorality through Zac to show the generalisation on the modern world, towards the end of the play this statement ironically contests’ the final events of Cosi fan tute. Another effect that the play within a play acts as is a filter which allows the audience to see the issues of the external world through the behaviours of the characters. Nowra anticipates the audience to tap into the worries and dilemmas that they face from the actors, â€Å"It’s just that in here you miss out on a lot of changes in society’s morals†. The audience are also involved in the actor’s reality and are able to relate to their lives and reconsider and redefine their own morals and values. Consequently, the audience are drawn into the play to such a real level that they are affected by the character’s problems, feelings, motivations and search for reality. Thus, the technique of mirroring the character’s lives creates a surreal and realistic impact on the audience, hence heightening the vivid effect of Cosi. In order to create an intense and dramatic impact of the play, Nowra utilizes various structural techniques throughout Cosi. The use of two contrasting acts displays the transformation of many significant characters and invites the audience to the concept of transformation of the individual. Moreover, the frank and straightforward dialogue assigned to the characters prove to the audience that Cosi is a play worth viewing and create the desired shock response by the audience. Furthermore, Nowra scripts a play within a play to compare and contrast the parallel between the play and the lives of the characters, thus extending the dramatic impact of Cosi to each member of the audience.

Current State of the Environment in Ireland

Current State of the Environment in Ireland Critical Evaluation of the Current State of the Environment in Ireland in Light of the Current Legislation INTRODUCTION There is a growing concern to reconcile the proper development of business with environmental issues in order to promote basic environmental conditions that do not harm the community and the place where such industry will be installed. Thus, efforts to improve pollution levels, whether in terms of air, water, soil, noise, etc. Become fundamental. Entrepreneurs, more and more, must be aware of local needs and respond to their priorities and concerns. Moreover, Environmental Licensing and permitting is a fundamental tool, since it allows the entrepreneur to identify the environmental effects of his business, and how these effects can be managed. This instrument seeks to ensure that the preventive and control measures adopted in the projects are compatible with sustainable development. Regarding this, Ireland follows the European Union (EU) legislation to protect the environment, the main bodies responsible to ensure that the environment legislation is being follow is the Environmental Protective Agency (EPA), the local authorities and the Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment. The aim of this work is to do a critical evaluation on the current legislation of air and water quality on the current state of the environment in Ireland. AIR QUALITY FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE The Air Quality Framework was established in 1996 by the European Commission, in the aim to improve the air quality, succeeding this the four daughter directives were implemented in order to established limits for different pollutants. Although, this air quality framework and his first 3 daughters directives were replaced in 2008 by the Ambient Air Quality and Cleaner Air for Europe (CAFÉ) Directive. Following this, in 2009, the fourth daughter directive was transposed into the Irish legislation, were it specifies limit values and requirements to monitor arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic hydrocarbons. In 2011, the CAFÉ Directive was transposed to the Air Quality Standards in the Irish legislation. Comparing with other countries in the European Union (EU), Ireland have a good air quality but the biggest challenge is to keep the levels below the limit, especially because is growing the particulate matter on the air and this grow is more concern on the winter months because of the domestic solid fuel burning. From the air pollutants the most concern, considered by the European Environment Agency (EEA) are nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter (PM), ozone and PAHs. Those air pollutants are the most dangerous for the human health, vegetation and ecosystems and in the figure bellow it can be noticed the impacts. For this reason, the levels of air pollutants have to be monitor closely and its classified as very good, good, fair, poor and very poor. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) co-ordinate and manages this monitoring through 31 stations spread in Ireland and the data is available for the public. Figure 1- Impacts of Air Pollution (Source: EPA,2014) In order to improve the air quality, the EPA is implementing new measures by increasing the monitoring network with a program call new National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Programme where the public have a real-time information about the air quality and the pollutants. In the case of domestic fuel burning, will be implemented the nationwide ban on smoky coal and it is due in 2018 by encouraging the change from solid fuel to cleaner fuel alternatives and increasing the awareness about how the house heating can affect the quality of air. Moreover, as part of the EU Clean Air Policy Package Directive, the government of Ireland is going to implement the National Emissions Ceiling (NEC) to decrease the pollutant levels such as NOx and ammonia. Levels of ammonia is starting to rise concerns because of the agriculture sector growth that leads to a secondary formation of particulate matter. Another measure that can be adopt to help the air quality, water quality and climate change associated energy recovery with the anaerobic digestion of animal wastes. WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE In 2000, The EU Directive implemented The Water Framework Directive (WFD), 2000/60/EC was established. This legislation it is a framework for the management of sustainable water which includes the protection of surface water, estuaries transitional waters; groundwater and coastal waters. In addition, WFD also involves the protection of the entire ecosystem such as the animals and plants that lives there. According to the EPA website, this water framework directive it is important for maintain the good status of the waters use in different activities like bathing, recreating and drinking. With this legislation the water bodies are classified in five different levels: high status, good status, moderate status, poor status and bad status. In order to get at least a good status, the WFD created some programmes for the water bodies. The aim of these programmes is to specify the nature, extent and frequency that is analysed on the water bodies To monitoring the water bodies in Ireland, the country was divided in eight River Basin District (RBD) and it is not based on political borders. Was necessary to identify and classify each RBD for create a River Basin District Plan in order to achieve the necessary target status. PROBLEMS WITH THE WFD The Water Framework looks a good way to ensure the quality of water and to protect the environmental, but appears to be few weaknesses points in the River Basin Management Plans, especially because these Plans do not specify any action that have to be made to prevent the deterioration of the water bodies and a way to recovery the water that is not classify as a good status by the WFD. (SWAN, 2014). Moreover, the major problem in Ireland is that there is not a single agency that manages the quality of water but multiple organizations that regulates and supervises, leaving difficult to actually act effective. The idea of the Sustainable Water Network (SWAN) is that the current water management structure needs a restructuration. In order to fix the problem with the fragmentation of agencies that manages the quality of water, the government of Ireland with managers from EPA and City and County Managers Association (CCMA) are proposing a type of three-tier governance system, as shown in figure 2 below.   It is a new system that delegate each tier for different agencies to lead and also specify what are they aims within the new system. The tier one is led by the Department of Environment, Community and Local Government (DECLG), tier two is led by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the tier three is led by the local authorities. Figure 2: The three-tier governance structure for the Second Cycle River Basin Management Plans. Another problem that was identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) related with the Water Framework Directive is that in order to classified the water status, they do not consider microbiological elements. According to an analysis made by the EPA in 2012 40% of all samples taken from the 285 wells and springs in the EPA national groundwater monitoring network were polluted by microbial pathogens, which can pose a threat to private water supplies in particular. CONCLUSION It is important to increase the awareness of the pollution of air and water, since that they are related with public health and also economic aspects. The quality of water and air has to be good in order to preserve the environment to future generation. The existence of government regulations and legislations it is essential to keep a sustainable and preserve environment. In addition, more research has to done in order to create a link between the air and water quality with public health, this understanding is essential to identify the main issue and help all organizations to implement necessary improvements in the system. In conclusion, the agencies in charge for the environmental legislation acknowledges many of the problems that was cited in this paper and it is doing something about it to change the scenario. Legislation is always changing by implementing something new that it is discover, especially when it is about the environmental that is constantly changing and new technologies are coming. REFERENCES Sustainable Water Network, 2013.The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP): Interactions with the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and implications for the status of Irelands waters. [pdf] Dublin 2: Sustainable Water Network (SWAN). Available at: [Accessed 23th February]. Dublin Regional Air Quality Management Plan, 2009-2012. [pdf] Available at: [Accessed 23th February]. Citizen Information, 2016. European environmental law. [online] Available at:  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   [Accessed 23th February]. Environmental Policy Agency, 2012.Irelands Environment an Assessment. [pdf] Wexford: Environmental Policy Agency (EPA). Available at: [Accessed 23th February]. Environmental Policy Agency, 2015. WFD Governance. [online] Available at: [Accessed 23th February]. European Commission, 2015.Introduction to the new EU Water Framework Directive. [online] Available at: [Accessed 23th February]. Environmental Policy Agency, 2017. Ireland ´s Environmental Air. [online] Available at: [Accessed 23th February].

Project Management Of IT Projects

Project Management Of IT Projects Although computer systems have been employed since the 1970s in significant applications military, civil, government, finance, business and so on, unlike any other engineering discipline the success rate of ICT projects remains unacceptably low. Describe and discuss why ICT projects fail and what measures can be taken to improve the chance of success. ICT Project is the development and forward of an ICT system where as an ICT system is a combination of computer hardware, software, input and output, activity data or information and the personal that have to use it. ICT Projects can bring changes and improve organizational activities. Business and processes can become more effective and efficient by the use of information and communication technology (ICT) systems as in case with engineering discipline but unfortunately successful applicants in other field like military, civil, government is still questionable even they are employed there since very long. Performance evaluation of the project can also direct the determination of victory or malfunction of an ICT project. Also such evaluations cannot be justified as good or bad without the successful execution of such project. The core value of any of the ICT projects can be accomplished to figure out its capability to support the organization in finding right result to its troubles. The adaptability of ICT system and its overheads can only be logical if there are benefits accruing to it. Few of the benefits can be listed as below: Escalating capacity of system Efficient access to data Improved efficiency and outputs Transparency Simplicity Lessening of Cost Quality Service Enhanced and effective decision making FAILURE OF ICT PROJECTS: Regardless of the successful stories of ICT projects around the world, studies have proved high speed of ICT Project failure. These failure can be either project stakeholder expectations or correspondence failure where the project failed to meet the specified objectives such as enhancing efficiency, upgrading in resource utilization, superior output etc. It can be process failure which refers to plan overruns, resources blowouts and it may be interaction failure where new system may be or was used shortly and then terminate or occasionally used or not used at all. Although benefits of ICT cannot be disputed but there are several issues and points about its achievements as well as the approach in its implementation. Triumph of any project can be evaluated or measured on different factors but success of information and communication technology (ICT) project depends upon timely completion within budget, trustworthiness (bug-free), user friendliness, easy inexpensive alteration and maint enance in addition that it must meet specifications, goals and satisfaction of users. In order to understand the extent of ICT failure, we need to categorized failures related to information systems which can be technical breakdown, project collapse, organizational crash, environmental breakdown, developmental stoppage and user disappointment ICT failure can be categorized depending upon the degree of its achievement or usage. It can be total failure where initially the ICT was never implemented or in which a new system was put into action but immediately discarded. It can be considered as partial failure as major goals are unattained or in which there are major unwanted results. There is another class of sustainability failure where an initial implementation was first succeeded but is then neglected after a year or so. REASONS FOR FAILURE OF ICT PROJECTS: The failure factors which prevent smooth execution of ICT projects can either be Infrastructure, finance, poor data system, lack of compatibility, skilled personnel, leadership styles, culture, bureaucracy and attitudes There are certain factors which may not prevent the execution or implementation of projects and can the hinder system advancement and its sustainability. Among them are User needs, Technology, Coordination, ICT policy, and Donor pressure. There can be a number of reasons, which require a detailed and careful review to fully identify. ICT projects are often too ambitious and too complex because of the combination of the political, organizational and technical factors lacking top management prop up, insufficient resources of project, lack of user input, poor project management, design problems, scarce training, unsuitable technologies, and many more including incomplete requirements, changing requirements, technology Incompetence, unrealistic expectation. Therefore Projects run into problems, they get far more expensive than budgeted, need more time than planned or do not deliver the intended results. Unfortunately, project failures can also be related to lack of post-mortem probes across all sectors (private and public). Organizations are neither interested to achieve organizational erudition for themselves nor are they allocate their difficult experiences with others. Vision without substance and a budget without vision are two sorts of planning. Problems encountered encase of vision without substance are ambiguity of future vision, lack of organizational vision, current position and time. Budget without vision arises questions as to what problem is being solved, priorities and definition of the roles and responsibilities. Poor Project planning in organizations are due to lack of risk management, business systems are not utilized and understood completely and also lack of concern involvement from management. MEASURES FOR THE SUCCESS OF ICT PROJECT: Success or failure of any ICT project can be measured by identifying institution where we they are now and where the new project is taking them. Success factors are those whose presence or absence establish the success of an ICT project. They can be drivers or enabler. Some of these are vision and strategy, stakeholders support, external pressure and cooperation, consumer expectations, technological alteration, upgrading, and globalization in addition to efficient project coordination and good practices. Degree of change is proportionally related to risk of project success. Bigger change might produces bigger organizational improvement at the cost of big risk of project disaster whereas small change might promise less degree of change at the price of less project risk. Thus we can say that there is a trade-off between threat and transformation. ICT projects can be designed according to models of engineering and managerial concepts. Drafting of complex technical systems in much more perplex social surroundings through development of local knowledge base systems can lead to avoid failures. Review by local sections and organizations to determine the extent of ICT failures can also be very useful and productive approach. These experts can make conclusive and detailed analysis and they can point out flaws and make recommendation for the improvement of ICT projects. Reports and lesson learnt should be available to other practitioners in other organizations for betterment of their projects. Division of the project in smaller groups and controlling subsidiary projects is better approach as changes during the project are sometimes or often unavoidable and difficult to manage. Information systems qualities which are achieved via efficient ICT projects affect the perceived benefits. An ICT project implementation can be considered successful if the perceived benefits are determined and understood. ICT services quality can be reviewed after vigilant assessment of the infrastructure to establish technical functionality. For instance with reference to networking different departments, the point to check is whether it may be has been achieved successfully or not. This in turn will involve a technical and user assessment of the efficient communication systems. Generation of information can be assessed to determine efficiency of Information system quality for budgeting purposes, the question might be whether the information system can generate exact and timely financial information and data or not. Perceived benefits are the end products that can be used to judge the success of the whole system. If the perceived benefits like easier communication, networking, and system integration, timely, relevant, complete and useful information are not realized, then the system will be perceived to have failed. Attributes of each component are shown for clarity and focus. A familiar maxim says, if you cannot plan it, you do not do it. Another maxim says, I never planned to fail, I just failed to plan. Project planning begins as soon as project planning activities determine the organizations strategy and identifies the ICT projects. Under the few limitations, project plans evolve with the lifecycle. These limitations are time and money so each project should have a define deadline and a tight budget. Planning as a tool can be helpful in minimizing waste by classifying the pre-requites conditions for successful ICT implementation rather than rushing into a complex strategy. ICT needs careful planning, communication and coordination prior to implementation instead wise trial and error methods. Clarify goals, targets and objectives shall be established. These goals may form major role in planning process and ultimately help in the successful implementation of ICT projects. ANALYSIS Improvement in the ability of those involved in the design, execution and management of IT related projects shall be enhanced to solve and tackle specific contextual attributes of the institute, division, country or location where such ICT projects will be implemented. Strategy and support are the core areas which lead to success of any ICT project and at the same time finance and lack of fund in addition to weak infrastructure leads to failure of such projects. Maximum benefits and output of ICT implementation can be achieved if there are no failure factors but its not possible but framework can be developed for the maximum output. This framework must cover and identify themes, prioritize activities develop program of action, categorize target groups and in the final stage implement solutions ICT projects must be streamlined and established while focusing following approaches. Never underestimate complex environment where ICT program evolves. Get maximum output and benefits for the target group Staff shall be re-skilled to cop up with changes Identification and utilization of new technologies How institute processes will fit in technology Strong and supportive program management Dont underestimate the total cost of ICT project. Part B COMP1592 Organisation and Project Management Tutorial for Week 1.5 Introduction to ICT Project Management Upload your answers in Week 1.6 List the problems you experienced when you carried out a recent assignment. Try to put these problems into some order of magnitude. For each problem consider whether there was some way in which the problem could have been reduced by better organisation and planning by you. Risk management Team management Team collaboration Schedule Project plan was impractical Identify the main types of personnel employed in an ICT department. For each stage of a typical ICT development project, list the types of personnel who are likely to be involved. Business Analyst (who gathers requirements from client) System Analyst (based on the requirements, design the software) Solution Architect (application is designed on the basis of technical specification) Software Developers (who develops the software) Database developers (design and maintaining of DB) Quality Team (who tests the developed software) Configuration manager A public library is considering the implementation of a computer-based system to help administer book loans at libraries. Identify the stakeholders in such a project. What might be the objectives of such a project and how might the success of the project be measured in practical terms? Stakeholders Following are the stakeholders for computer based library system: Librarian Library Staff Administrator/ Technical Board Book Suppliers/ Volunteers Partner Universities Friends of the Library (Providing funds and assistance to Library) Educators/ Trainers (train the usage of the system) Software House or company developing the computer based system Library Users (those who lend the books) Objectives Cataloguing (classification and indexing books) Compilation of books and the stuff Control of books circulation Track users Efficiently confirm the availability of books Automate the library loan system and make it computer based System will be fully authenticated as it will be solely based on computer Issue and return dates will be catered by the system which will ensure that no preference is given to any public user in case of late return. Automation and authentication will be achieved. Record of all the books will be managed and kept up to date Success of the project: Success of the project will be measured on the following parameters: Productive system usage System efficiency Gradual rise in users will predict the success Ease and comfort for public Reduction of staff Confidence of stakeholders on the system Authentication and automation is an important factor Authentication i.e. more authenticated the system is more will be its progress 4. A software house has developed a customised order processing system for a client. You are an employee of the software house that has been asked to organize a training course for the end-users of the system. At present, a user handbook has been produced, but no specific training material. A plan is now needed for the project which will set up the delivery of the training courses. The project can be assumed to have been completed when the first training course starts. Among the things that will need to be considered are the following: Training materials will need to be designed and created; A timetable will need to be drafted and agreed; Date(s) for the course will need to be arranged; The people attending the course will need to be identified and notified; Rooms and computer facilities for the course will need to be provided for. A. Identify the main stakeholders for this project; Software House Software developers Trainers End users/ Client Customers of client (must not be an end user) B. Draw up a statement of the objectives for this project; Evaluation, planning and business handling in an efficient manner. Identify and develop connections between sales, planning and purchasing (by using tools such as flow charts and activity diagrams) Create business to business environment by creating link with customers. Encourage staff input to identify problems and solutions. Handling customers feedback. C. for the objectives, identify the measures of effectiveness; Evaluation, planning and business handling: efficient report generation and boost the business. Identify and develop connections between sales, planning and purchasing: by comparison with previous records Create business to business environment by creating link with customers: gradual rise of customers Encourage staff input to identify problems and solutions: system improvement and staff satisfaction. Handling customers feedback: customers satisfaction D. For each objective, identify relevant sub-objectives or goals and who would be responsible for each of them Evaluation, planning and business handling: company management is the goal and sales team is responsible. Identify and develop connections between sales, planning and purchasing: sales team is responsible Create business to business environment by creating link with customers: sales team is responsible. Encourage staff input to identify problems and solutions: Human Resource department is responsible. Handling customers feedback: Quality assurance department is responsible. Organisation and Project Management Tutorial for Week 1.6 Introduction to Database Design Upload your answers in Week 1.7 A company providing photo storage on the web needs a database to support the website. Visitors to the site can register by providing personal details including their email address, username and password. Once registered the user can create photograph albums into which they can upload their photographs (stored as files on the company server) along with a suitable caption and description. Users can add as many tags as they need to each one of their albums and their photos in order to classify them and enable meaningful searches. Design a database schema that fulfils these requirements. visitor username password Email address Photograph album Album ID name caption description tags photograph photographID name tags Username is foreign key in photograph album and albumID is foreign key in photograph Convert your logical schema from question 1 into a physical schema identifying each attribute data type. visitor Username Password Email address Photograph album albumID Name Caption Description Tags Photograph photographID Name tags A visitor has multiple photo albums i.e. 1-n relationship between visitor and photo album A photo album has multiple photographs in it i.e. 1-n relationship between photo album and photograph Write SQL statements which will implement the physical schema you created in question 2. Create some INSERT statements which will populate your tables with example data. INSERT INTO `photograph` (`photographID`, `caption`, `tags`) VALUES (photo1, caption1, tag1), (photo2, caption2, tag2); INSERT INTO `photographalbum` (`albumID`, `name`, `caption`, `description`, `tags`) VALUES (album1, name1, caption1, description1, tag1), (album2, name2, caption2, description2, tag2); INSERT INTO `visitor` (`username`, `password`, `emailAddress`) VALUES (visitor1, 12345, [emailprotected]), (visitor2, 12345, [emailprotected]); Using either the MySQL or Microsoft SQL Server database servers provided by the school implement your database using the SQL statements you created in question 3. SET SQL_MODE=NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `photograph` ( `photographID` varchar(30) NOT NULL DEFAULT , `caption` varchar(30) NOT NULL, `tags` varchar(30) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`photographID`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `photographalbum` ( `albumID` varchar(30) NOT NULL DEFAULT , `name` varchar(30) NOT NULL, `caption` varchar(30) NOT NULL, `description` varchar(30) NOT NULL, `tags` varchar(30) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`albumID`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `visitor` ( `username` varchar(30) NOT NULL DEFAULT , `password` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL, `emailAddress` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`username`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; Write a SELECT statement which will output all of the filenames in an album with a tag matching punk created by a person called Leibovitz. COMP1592 Organisation and Project Management Tutorial for Week 1.7 Critical Thinking Upload your answers in Week 1.8 For each of the following questions you must explain your strategy and approach to answering the question. Simply providing an answer is not sufficient. 1. In these designs there is a particular shape and a particular colour such that any of the designs which has one, and only one, of these features is called a PHOG. If the Blue Diamond is a PHOG, could any of these other designs be a PHOG? Answer: Since Blue Diamond is a PHOG, it means that the particular shape is Diamond or the particular colour is Blue. Based on this observation, we can say that Red Diamond (because it has the shape but not colour) or Blue Circle (because it has the colour but not shape) are PHOGs. 2. Which of the hidden parts of these cards do you NEED to see in order to answer the following question decisively? For these cards is it true that if there is a circle on the left there is a circle on the right? If above is ordering of respective cards, we should check Card-A and Card-D. For Card-A, if there is a circle on the right side and for Card-D, there is no circle on the left side, we can conclude that: If there is a circle on the left there is a circle on the right. It is useless to check Card-B, because even if there is a circle or not, it shall not affect the conclusion drawn. Similarly for Card-C, if there is a circle on left side, our conclusion shall be justified. And if there is no circle on the left side, it shall not affect the conclusion. 3. There is a truth teller (always tells the truth), a liar (always lies), and one who sometimes answers truthfully and sometimes lies. Each person knows who is who. You may ask three yes or no questions to determine who is who. Each time you ask a question, it must only be directed to one of the people. You may ask the same question more than once, but of course it will count towards your total. What are your questions and to whom will you ask them? Answer: Let us call them TT, AL and TL to symbolize. All of them shall say NO if they are asked if they are a Liar so: Ask TT: If I ask AL if he is a Liar, what would his answer be? If he says YES, TT is a Liar. If he says NO TT, is a Truth Teller. Then ask AL: If I ask TL if he is a Liar, what would his answer be? If he says YES, AL is a Liar. If he says NO, AL is a Truth Teller. And then ask TL: If I asked TT if he is a Liar, what would his answer be? If he says YES, TL is a Liar. If he says NO, TL is a Truth Teller 4. Three boxes are all labeled incorrectly, and you must get the labels right. The labels on the boxes read as follows: [Box 1] buttons [Box 2] coins [Box 3] coins and buttons To gain the information you need to move the labels to the correct boxes, you may remove a single item from one of the boxes. You may not look into the boxes, nor pick them up and shake them, etc. Answer: Since all labels are marked incorrectly, we know that the Box 3 marked with [Coins or Buttons] has any one of the two items and not both. Remove the label from this Box 3, pick one item from this Box 3 (it must be a coin or a button), remove the respective label (depending upon the item obtained) from other two boxes (Bow 1 or Box 2) and put it on this Box 3. Now we have Box 3 that has the right label on it. Now there is one Box without a label and the other Box with incorrect label. Remove the incorrect label because it is on the box that must be having both [Coins and Buttons]. Put this label on the other Box and [Coins or Button] label on this box. In this way we have done the right labeling. COMP1592 Organisation and Project Management Week 1.8 Step Wise: An approach to planning software projects Upload your answers in Week 1.9 What are the products created by the Step Wise planning process? Which of the following are not SMART objectives and why? Market research Research similar products User acceptance testing Investigate product requirements User training Test and Evaluate Design database Implement middleware Improve network performance Measure MTBF SMART means Specific, Measurable, Acceptable, Realistic, Time Framed Market Research: It is not a SMART objective because it is Specific to a segment of market, product; and there is no time framed specified Research Similar Products: It is not a SMART objective because it is not measurable with respect to other products. Also there are no time lines mentioned for it. User Acceptance Testing: It is not a SMART objective because it is not time bound. Investigate Product Requirements: It is not a SMART objective because the product is not specified; also there is no time line specified for it. User Training: It is not a SMART objective because the User training is not measurable and also there is no time frame mentioned for it. Test and Evaluate: It is not a SMART objective because there is no measuring parameter specified for evaluations. Also time frame is not available in which this testing and evaluation is to be done. Design Database: It is explicitly specified that the database of application is to be developed. But it is not a SMART objective for there is no time specified for it. Implement Middleware: This is a specific, measurable and realistic objective but not SMART because there are no timelines available for implementation. Improve Network Performance: There are no measuring elements that are mentioned for this performance activity. Also time frame is not mentioned for it. It may be specific and realistic but not a SMART objective. Measure MTBF: Measuring Mean Time between Failures is not a SMART objective because there is no time line mentioned to perform this task For each of the objectives in Q2 which are not SMART re-writes the objective so that it may be considered as SMART. Explain your reasoning. SMART means Specific, Measurable, Acceptable, Realistic, and Time Framed Market Research: Perform Market Research in next 2 weeks to check for need of a mobile phone that supports instant texting at university level and include students of age between 18-24 years. This is a SMART objective for it is specific about the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable. Research Similar Products: Perform a Research Study among shop keepers of market in 4 weeks to check for competitors of Nokia 6300. This is a SMART objective for it is specific about the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable. User Acceptance Testing: Conduct Software Testing with at least 50 students to check for newly developed Online Registration System in next 5 days. This is a SMART objective for it is specific about the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable. Investigate Product Requirements: Have minimum of 5 meetings with client and prepare SRS document of new Software to be developed by the end of this month. This is a SMART objective for it is specific about the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable. User Training: Arrange and ensure a single user training session for changes made in one of the modules. This training should not be of more than two hours. This is a SMART objective for it is specific about the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable. Test and Evaluate: Conduct thorough testing of new Recording solution after taking minimum of 100 calls in 15 minutes. Repeat this activity 10 times at different timings. This is a SMART objective for it is specific about the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable. Implement Middleware: Develop the Middleware of Patient Education module in 2 weeks and engage maximum of 4 available programmers. This is a SMART objective for it is specific about the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable. Improve Network Performance: Identify applications that have higher network usage and try to monitor and configure them for next 24 hours to gain 5% improvement in network performance. This is a SMART objective for it is specific about the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable. Measure MTBF: Execute parallel applications and determine MTBF within 2 hours after connecting 10 users to it. This is a SMART objective for it is specific about the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable. 4. Amanda works for the Management Services department of a local authority. She has been active in organising the development of a computerised payroll processing system. The system is in the final stages of development. What products must exist before the activity test program can take place? Products: Software: Scope Context (environment) Information Objectives (input and output) Functionality and performance requirements Objectives: Scope Context What products does this activity create? Software Project Management activities are: Feasibility Report Planning Monitoring Execution Production Delivery Closing End of program 5. You are about to embark on an assessed group project as part of your degree programme. Draw up a list of the risks which may affect your assignment outcome. Individually classify the risks as high, medium and low. What can be done to reduce the impact of these risks on your project? Following are the risks that can be faced during this project or academic assignment. Scale: High Risk- H Medium Risk M Low Risk -R Project risks Budget (H) Budget risk can be reduced if the market value and demand of the project is marketed before. Schedule (M) Proper formal MS project plan will help reduce this risk. Personnel (L) Although it is an academic project and the personnel risk has low COMP1592 Organisation and Project Manageme

Australian Wool Industry Essay -- essays research papers fc

INTRODUCTION Australia is the world’s largest wool producing country, and has been for decades. The fine quality of wool from the result of fine breeding has definitely help contribute to the high demand of the wool industry. Much of Australia’s wool has been exported to other countries such as China, Italy, Taiwan, Republic of Korea and France. However, Australia’s wool production has been decreasing for the last 10 years and the demand has been declining because of the other, easier to manage, synthetic fibers and materials that have been introduced to the market. This following report is regarding the changes and effects the wool industry had on Australia in the 19th century, the reasons for the successful development of the wool industry, and also Australia’s current position in wool production. HISTORY – JOHN MACARTHUR The first sheep to arrive in Australia, Botany Bay was in 1788 on the First Fleet, brought by Governor Phillip. The sheep that were brought over were only to be used for food and not for wool production for the new settlement in the newly found country. They had thick, hairy fleeces and small groups of them were brought frequently, however only a few survived the journey and the few that survived were not use to the climatic changes and died soon after. Governor Philip later realised Australia’s soil and climate were better suited for livestock grazing than any farming. So after setting up many farms in 1792 Governor Philip headed back to England and left a temporary governor, Major Francis Grose to replace him until 1794. This was when the significant changes occurred, free settlers were allowed in Australia and officers and officials were given grants of land. John Macarthur, an officer in the New South Wales Corps took advantage of the grants of land, he was the most productive of the officers. He and two of his friends brought several pure blood Spanish Merino sheep to Australia, he then started breeding them some of his mixed breeds. He continued with this practice until he was certain that the result was that the quality of the wool was alike to the wools from Spain and Germany. John Macarthur’s success in fine-wool production gave Australia great wealth. AUSTRALIAN MERINO WOOL Australia produces the world’s best woollen fibre, Australian Merino wool, which is also the main sheep breed in this country (75% are Merino’s ... ...l to profitable levels. The price of broad micron wool has increased and in some cases is equal in amount paid for fine wool. BIBLIOGRAPHY  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2005). The Wool Industry [on-line].Available:http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/cd302ee1b133891eca256f720083301d?OpenDocument  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bird. J, (2005). This Bloody Disgrace is Called Mulesing [on-line]. Available: http://www.animal-lib.org.au/lists/mulesing/mules.shtml  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Curriculum Council. (1977). Australian People 1977. Education Department of Western Australia, Australia  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elders, (2005).Daily Wool Prices. [on-line] Available: http://wool.elders.com.au/viewpdf.asp?PDF=media/reports/Reports_56.pdf  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fleet, M., (2000). Matilda – Australia’s First Cloned Merino [on-line] Available:http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au/pages/showcase/media_releases/2000/matilda.htm:sectID=83&tempID=27  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mooney, J., (2003). Sheep Farming in Australia in the 19th Century [on-line].Available:http://athena.english.vt.edu/~jmooney/3044annotationsp-z/sheepfarming.html Australian Wool Industry Essay -- essays research papers fc INTRODUCTION Australia is the world’s largest wool producing country, and has been for decades. The fine quality of wool from the result of fine breeding has definitely help contribute to the high demand of the wool industry. Much of Australia’s wool has been exported to other countries such as China, Italy, Taiwan, Republic of Korea and France. However, Australia’s wool production has been decreasing for the last 10 years and the demand has been declining because of the other, easier to manage, synthetic fibers and materials that have been introduced to the market. This following report is regarding the changes and effects the wool industry had on Australia in the 19th century, the reasons for the successful development of the wool industry, and also Australia’s current position in wool production. HISTORY – JOHN MACARTHUR The first sheep to arrive in Australia, Botany Bay was in 1788 on the First Fleet, brought by Governor Phillip. The sheep that were brought over were only to be used for food and not for wool production for the new settlement in the newly found country. They had thick, hairy fleeces and small groups of them were brought frequently, however only a few survived the journey and the few that survived were not use to the climatic changes and died soon after. Governor Philip later realised Australia’s soil and climate were better suited for livestock grazing than any farming. So after setting up many farms in 1792 Governor Philip headed back to England and left a temporary governor, Major Francis Grose to replace him until 1794. This was when the significant changes occurred, free settlers were allowed in Australia and officers and officials were given grants of land. John Macarthur, an officer in the New South Wales Corps took advantage of the grants of land, he was the most productive of the officers. He and two of his friends brought several pure blood Spanish Merino sheep to Australia, he then started breeding them some of his mixed breeds. He continued with this practice until he was certain that the result was that the quality of the wool was alike to the wools from Spain and Germany. John Macarthur’s success in fine-wool production gave Australia great wealth. AUSTRALIAN MERINO WOOL Australia produces the world’s best woollen fibre, Australian Merino wool, which is also the main sheep breed in this country (75% are Merino’s ... ...l to profitable levels. The price of broad micron wool has increased and in some cases is equal in amount paid for fine wool. BIBLIOGRAPHY  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2005). The Wool Industry [on-line].Available:http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/cd302ee1b133891eca256f720083301d?OpenDocument  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bird. J, (2005). This Bloody Disgrace is Called Mulesing [on-line]. Available: http://www.animal-lib.org.au/lists/mulesing/mules.shtml  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Curriculum Council. (1977). Australian People 1977. Education Department of Western Australia, Australia  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elders, (2005).Daily Wool Prices. [on-line] Available: http://wool.elders.com.au/viewpdf.asp?PDF=media/reports/Reports_56.pdf  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fleet, M., (2000). Matilda – Australia’s First Cloned Merino [on-line] Available:http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au/pages/showcase/media_releases/2000/matilda.htm:sectID=83&tempID=27  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mooney, J., (2003). Sheep Farming in Australia in the 19th Century [on-line].Available:http://athena.english.vt.edu/~jmooney/3044annotationsp-z/sheepfarming.html

Garden for the Blind :: Architecture Design Essays

Garden for the Blind In Sensory Design by Joy Malnar and Frank Vodvarka, a great garden is said to unfold like a narrative, a journey or a piece of music. My hope is that the Garden for the Blind located on the land south of Hume Hall will be such a garden. I think the Garden should be entered through the parking lot, since the ground there is the most level. I think there should be a wooden path with railings on both sides until the garden reaches it’s full width. The path should then change to asphalt or rock, but the wood railing should be continued for a few more feet. There could be an archway over the wooden path, wrapped in Jasmine vines, so that the entrance to the garden can be marked by such a smell. The unrailed but broad path should then travel through the garden. Although unrailed, a system, such as raised edges, should be set in place on both sides of the path, to indicate where it ends and the grass begins. The path will eventually lead to a substantially large fountain in the middle of the Garden. One will know when he or she is in the heart of the Garden when one hears the water, or even feels the mist on his or her face. The fountain should have a ledge wide enough to sit on, with railings to keep one from falling in. The fountain will be in the middle of a paved circle. The circle will have railings around it, except for when it is met up by one of the three main paths: the path from the entrance, the path to the gazebo, and the path to the exit. On the right side of the fountain (when facing it from the entrance) there will be a Gazebo. There will be steps leading up to the Gazebo, since it will be situated on the steep side of the hill. The Gazebo can be a center for

John D. Rockefeller Essay -- Standard Oil Company Biography Essays

John D. Rockefeller John Davison Rockefeller (July 8, 1839 - May 23, 1937) was the guiding force behind the creation and development of the Standard Oil Company, which grew to dominate the oil industry and became one of the first big trusts in the United States, thus engendering much controversy and opposition regarding its business practices and form of organization. Rockefeller also was one of the first major philanthropists in the U.S., establishing several important foundations and donating a total of $540 million to charitable purposes. Rockefeller was born on farm at Richford, in Tioga County, New York, on July 8, 1839, the second of the six children of William A. and Eliza (Davison) Rockefeller. The family lived in modest circumstances. When he was a boy, the family moved to Moravia and later to Owego, New York, before going west to Ohio in 1853. The Rockefellers bought a house in Strongsville, near Cleveland, and John entered Central High School in Cleveland. While he was a student he rented a room in the city and joined the Erie Street Baptist Church, this later became the Euclid Avenue Baptist Church. Rockefeller started to work at the age of 16 as a clerk in a small produce firm. After that he formed a partnership in a grain commission house. Cleveland was a good place to organize "something big" in the oil business. There were two major east-west railroads in Cleveland. Also, Cleveland was on Lake Erie, which was big enough for large ships to harbor. This made it possible to transport the oil easily. Rockefeller was determined to make Cleveland the center of oil business. Before he was able to accomplish this feat, he would eventually create the largest oil company in the world in Cleveland, titled "Standar... ...he created are the Rockefeller Foundation, Rockefeller Institute, the General Education Board, and the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial. Today the Rockefeller name lives on through the institutions he founded. John D. Rockefeller started with very little, amassed a fortune, and then gave back to the country that made it possible for him to be so successful. To sum this all up Rockefeller created extremely successful companies, he used what are now corrupt methods in some aspects of his corporation building to get to the top. The success of the Standard Oil Company is credited to the fact that its owners ran them with great authority. In this very competitive time period, many new businesses were being formed. It took talented businessmen such as Rockefeller to get ahead and keep the companies running and make the fortunes that were made during this period.

Political Philosophy and User Responses Essay

1. The belief that a person’s fate can be closely attributed to his or her own efforts is KNOWN AS ________ AND IS FUNDAMENTAL TO THE AMERICAN DREAM. a. populism b. equality c. individualism d. republicanism e. fatalism Grade: 1 User Responses: c. individualism Feedback: 2. Which of the following attributes is associated with capitalism, the economic system in America? a. Government should be involved in protecting the health of the financial industry over individual citizens’ rights. b. Government should allow the market economy to be free and unrestricted. c. Government should not obstruct individuals’ efforts to obtain property. d. Government should promote equality only to those who were born in the country. e. The national government should become more involved in state politics. Grade: 1 User Responses: c. Government should not obstruct individuals’ efforts to obtain property. Feedback: 3. ________ often predict the degree and type of political participation, which shapes political culture. a. Political values b. Demographic factors c. Community-oriented economics d. Individual incentives e. Group dynamics Grade: 0 User Responses: a. Political values Feedback: 4. Belief in which of the following ideals is part of the core of American political culture? a. Allegiance to parental homeland b. Strength in diversity c. Caste system d. Foreign diplomacy e. Government intervention Take the Chapter 02 Exam Section: Intro to US Government F 2014 flanery,daniel Submitted:9/3/2014 1:38:33 AM Gradebook Grade: — Questions Attempted: 25/25 Submission No: 1/1 2 Grade: 0 User Responses: c. Caste system Feedback: 5. Which of the following is advocated by socialism, which emphasizes planned economies over free market economies? a. Government ownership of key industries b. Private jobs over public programs c. Higher taxes for the poorest citizens d. Financial rewards for productivity e. Government investment in large corporations Grade: 1 User Responses: a. Government ownership of key industries Feedback: 6. Each individual’s political beliefs are rooted in ________ and ________. a. ideals; values b. core beliefs; experiential learning c. core beliefs; political attitudes d. partisan bias; values e. values; religion Grade: 0 User Responses: b. core beliefs; experiential learning Feedback: 7. Which of the following constitutes an element of the United States’ national political CULTURE? a. Belief that individualism hampers the overall strength of the country. b. The citizen class a man or a woman belongs to c. The notion that government is the basis for decisions that will affect all American citizens d. The idea that freedom is for those who earn it e. The rights and liberties citizens have Grade: 0 User Responses: a. Belief that individualism hampers the overall strength of the country Feedback: Take the Chapter 02 Exam Section: Intro to US Government F 2014 flanery,daniel Submitted:9/3/2014 1:38:33 AM Gradebook Grade: — Questions Attempted: 25/25 Submission No: 1/1 3 8. Communitarianism refers to a set of beliefs with a long history of impacting political culture in the United States. Communitarianism emphasizes the importance of ______ __. a. economic classes and communism b. agrarian practices c. limited government d. needs of the community over needs of the individual e. voting and democracy Grade: 0 User Responses: a. economic classes and communism Feedback: 9. In which way do Americans best express the essence of the American Dream? a. Their commitment to welfare programs b. Their universal support of limited government c. Their enthusiasm for capitalism d. By sending humanitarian aid overseas e. By regularly voting in elections Grade: 0 User Responses: d. By sending humanitarian aid overseas Feedback: 10. The term that refers to widely shared ideas about who should govern, toward what ends, and by what means is ________. a. subculture b. fundamentalism c. ideology d. political culture e. demography Grade: 1 User Responses: d. political culture Feedback: 11. What is the natural outcome of the United States’ history of immigration? a. A decline in diversity caused by the immigration rate b. Substantial racial and ethnic diversity in the American population c. The foreign-born form the majority of the U. S. population d. Domination by foreign countries e. Substantial racism and anti-immigrant feelings in the majority of the American population Take the Chapter 02 Exam Section: Intro to US Government F 2014 flanery,daniel Submitted:9/3/2014 1:38:33 AM Gradebook Grade: — Questions Attempted: 25/25 Submission No: 1/1 4 Grade: 1 User Responses: b. Substantial racial and ethnic diversity in the American population Feedback: 12. A belief in free markets, limited government, and self-reliance in economic affairs, combined with a belief in tradition, law, and morality in social affairs are values upheld by ________. a. socialists b. the modern Republican Party c.the Republican party historically d. modern libertarianism e. the Communist Party historically Grade: 0 User Responses: d. modern libertarianism Feedback: 13. A belief that individuals can provide stronger chances for economic and personal betterment for their children, if not for themselves, is part of the ________. a. American Dream b. Communist Manifesto c. American exceptionalism d. expectations of society e. American socialization Grade: 1 User Responses: a. American Dream Feedback: 14. Which of the following generally ensures that government follows the will of the people in a democratic system? a. Lobbying b. Elections c. Interest groups d. Initiatives e. Opinion polls Grade: 1 User Responses: b. Elections Feedback: Take the Chapter 02 Exam Section: Intro to US Government F 2014 flanery,daniel Submitted:9/3/2014 1:38:33 AM Gradebook Grade: — Questions Attempted: 25/25 Submission No: 1/1 5 15. One factor that has helped reduce political conflict over economic inequality in the United States is the strong belief in ________. a. equality of personal opportunity and individualism b. fate c. the promise of global competition for creating economic equality d. a strong work ethic creating equal rewards e. strong government intervention. Grade: 1 User Responses: a. equality of personal opportunity and individualism Feedback: 16. Most Americans would acknowledge that those with greater resources and connections to government officials are more likely to ________. a. participate in politics and be represented in government b. participate in a revolution c. become distrustful of the government d. be white-collar workers e. provide fewer opportunities to their kids than they had Grade: 1 User Responses: a. participate in politics and be represented in government Feedback: 17. While no single religion represents all Americans’ belief system, most of the FOUNDING POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES WAS________, WHICH HAS HAD LASTING EFFECTS ON THE LAWS AND POLITICAL CULTURE IN AMERICA. a. Jewish b. Muslim c. Catholic d. Protestant e. Pentecostal Grade: 0 User Responses: c. Catholic Feedback: 18. The fastest growing ethnic group in the United States is ________. a. Pacific Islanders b. Asian Americans c. African Americans d. Caucasians e. Hispanics Take the Chapter 02 Exam Section: Intro to US Government F 2014 flanery,daniel Submitted:9/3/2014 1:38:33 AM Gradebook Grade: — Questions Attempted: 25/25 Submission No: 1/1 6 Grade: 0 User Responses: b. Asian Americans Feedback: 19. Income ________ between the classes in the United States has risen steadily since the 1920s. a. caste system b. acquisition c. inflation d. inequality e. disbursement Grade: 1 User Responses: d. inequality Feedback: 20. Voters sharing any particular political belief have the greatest chance of shaping policy when they are ________. a. inspired b. registered c. canvassing d. dispersed e. concentrated Grade: 0 User Responses: b. registered Feedback: 21. Culture refers to ________. a. a series of expectations of a political system b. basic values about participating in a society c. a predisposition about participation in a group or a political system d. a way of thinking or a mode of behavior common to a group e. beliefs about a political system Grade: 0 User Responses: e. beliefs about a political system Feedback: Take the Chapter 02 Exam Section: Intro to US Government F 2014 flanery,daniel Submitted:9/3/2014 1:38:33 AM Gradebook Grade: — Questions Attempted: 25/25 Submission No: 1/1 7 22. The right to own private property is ________. a. more attainable for middle-income citizens in Europe b. not very important to most Americans c. guaranteed by the Constitution d. one of the economic incentives that motivates Americans to embrace capitalism e. only for those with wealth Grade: 0 User Responses: c. guaranteed by the Constitution Feedback: 23. Concerns about the level of_______ and its impact on regional politics and social cohesion from the 1920s to the 1950s resulted in many restrictions of ________ to the United States. a. immigration; entry b. education; immigration c. trade; economic growth d. terrorism; travel e. health regulations; entry Grade: 1 User Responses: a. immigration; entry Feedback: 24. A person who opposes government regulation of business is likely to be a ________. a. liberal b. communist c. socialist d. Green Party member e. conservative Grade: 1 User Responses: e. conservative Feedback: 25. The strength of the economy is directly tied to the monetary value of all goods and services produced in a nation each year, which is called the ________. a. mass production factor b. gross domestic product c. poverty line d. median household income e. Gini coefficients for the economy Take the Chapter 02 Exam Section: Intro to US Government F 2014 flanery,daniel Submitted:9/3/2014 1:38:33 AM Gradebook Grade: — Questions Attempted: 25/25 Submission No: 1/1.

Literary Analysis for John Updike’s A&P Essay

In John Updike’s A&P, a story of young man’s wasted effort on heroism is chronicled along with the fact that he has made a wrong decision on the situation. Sammy, a young teenager (assumed in the story), works as a cashier in A&P, a supermarket that caters to the different needs of consumers. One day, in an otherwise ordinary day, in walks three girls clad in skimpy bathing suits which capture the attention of everyone in the market, including the manager who reprimands them for such clothes. As the girls get embarrassed and leave the store, Sammy rushes to their defence and quits on the spot as he thinks that what the manager has done is unjustified. Sammy feels like a hero to the girls and leaves the store to rush after the girls, not knowing that the girls have long left without noticing Sammy’s â€Å"valiant† effort (Updike 596-601). In the story, there are many types of literary techniques which are evident. However, the three that stand out among the rest are the foreshadowing implemented by the author and narrator, the irony in the resolution, and symbolisms in the short story. Firstly, the foreshadowing can be seen in two ways. First, it can be perceived in terms of how the author uses a rather capturing opening of the story which gives a clue to the reader that something is bound to happen in the story and on that day in Sammy’s rather ordinary life. By using Sammy’s voice, there are allusions that something great is about to happen in the moment that the three girls walked in inside A&P and that Sammy’s life will never be the same again. The other aspect of foreshadowing can even be seen as an â€Å"en medias res† technique in the story. This is because in the middle of the story, the narrator reveals that what he is narrating has already happened and is not occurring. Hence, he is not narrating events but actually re-telling them. The other two literary techniques implemented in the short story is the use of irony which can be found in the conclusion of A&P and the symbolisms. Irony of circumstance is seen when Sammy quits his job for the girls when the girls do not even realize that he has done that. Hence, his attempt on being a â€Å"hero† is futile since the girls do not even think that they need one or that someone has rescued or stood up for them. The third and last literary technique is the usage of symbolisms. There are two symbolisms in the story: the supermarket itself and the three girls. The supermarket symbolizes the beginning chapter of Sammy’s life wherein he gets a taste of the different upsetting things that can happen in a person’s life; the three girls can represent the various forms of temptations any person encounters which can lead him to make wrong decisions. In conclusion, the use of literary techniques in any literature is very important since it adds more meaning, depth, and colour. Though any form of literature can do away with literary techniques, such aspects of literature make any written work more poignant, impacting, interesting, and meaningful. Works Cited Updike, John. â€Å"A&P.† The Early Stories: 1953-1975. New York: Ballantine Books, 2003.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   596-601. Print.